There are eight traditional functions of marketing：  （ 1 ）Buying： A marketer focuses on buyers’ needs and desires in order to decide what products to make available. Understanding buyers’ behavior is of great importance.  （ 2 ）Selling： Marketers usually view selling as a persuasive activity that is completed through promotion. Selling includes personal selling， advertising， and other selling methods. It is probably the function of marketing that we most often see in our daily life.  （ 3 ）Transporting： Transporting is physically moving the product from the seller to the buyer. Marketers focus on transporting costs and services.  （ 4 ）Storing： Like transporting， storing is an aspect of the physical distribution of products. Storing includes warehousing activities. Warehouses hold products for long periods sometimes in order to create time utility.  （ 5 ）Grading： Grading involves sorting products according to size and quality. This makes buying and selling easier because it reduces the need for inspection and sampling.  （ 6 ）Financing： For many products， such as automobiles， fridges， and new homes， the purchase is facilitated when the marketer provides credit that makes the purchasing of the product possible.  （ 7 ）Marketing research： Through research， marketers may find out the need for new products and services. By gathering information on a regular basis， they can better plan， carry out and control marketing activities.  （ 8 ）Risk taking： It involves bearing the uncertainties that are part of the marketing process. Most marketing decisions result in either success or failure that is associated with risk.Marketers ignore transporting costs and services.

根据写作要求，写出一篇作文。 Suppose you are Simon. You purchased a Sony digital camera from Amazon.com and found that there were scratches on the screen. You are writing to complain about it.

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Products are graded according to size and （）. 

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- I think a bus stop advertisement is a very wise chance to promote our products.-（）.

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All the prices on the list are subject （）our final confirmation.

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You are the right person for the job that your application theadvertisement.（）

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What are they ， ， . -- It’s a secret. But I’11 give you some hints， anyway.（）

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- You are right. How do you analyze our weaknesses？一 we put less emphasis on the overall design.（）    

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- What about the commission？（） 

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The biggest mistake a workplace leader can make with office culture is failing to devise one at all. How do you know if your office culture is helping， or hurting， your employees， and as a result your bottom line？ Designing a thoughtful（周到的）office culture  is so important for a new company. Here are some aspects where a leader should be careful not to make mistakes. A cohesive （和谐一致的） office culture starts at the top and is built with intention. Face book’s founder projects a laid -back vibe （氛围）. That sets the tone for his $200 billion company，  Where he visits weekly Q and A sessions from his staff， loads up the perks， and courts a young team that closely mirrors his target market， positioning Face book are especially designed for their wants and needs.  Strict dress code or early start time may seem like an easy way to build professionalism （职业化）in your workplace， but is there a good reason for it？ Strict requirements that work in a law office may erode the work ethic at a hip tech startup. Make sure to back up your rules with reason. For example， at Culture Studio， a T -shirt design and printing company， you’d better believe there’s no place for ties. Employees are  encouraged to dress down in their brand’s merchandise or their competitors’（  Leadership shouldn’t abandon culture development there. Good employees tend to be goal？oriented over-achievers， so put your budget on that with team -building activities， contests， and incentives for the best. Think critically about the ideal employees for your team， what makes the tick， and how you can support them， within and outside of their role in the company’s goals.  Setting the tone for your workplace starts with each hire and at every level in the company. At digital marketing firm Mabbly， every hiring decision is made with the company’ s vision in mind： a creative and young team of approachable （伸手可及的） guides that help clients to understand the seemingly mysterious world of PR public relations in this internet age.The example of Facebook is to show .（） 

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- Yes， I will try my best.（） 

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