名词解析

treadmilling (踏车现象)

正确答案

又称轮回,是微管组装后处于动态平衡的一种现象。微管的两端都可以加上αβ二聚体,或释放αβ二聚体。但在"+"端,由于结合有GTP帽结构的存在,同二聚体的亲和力高,所以,新结合上去的比释放出来的快。但在"-"端,由于GTP已水解成GDP,同二聚体的亲和力低,释放出来的二聚体比结合上的快,这样,"+"端生长得快,"-"端生长得慢,结合上二聚体的GTP又不断水解,向"-"端推移。如果(+)端结合上去的与(-)端释放出来的速度相同,就会形成轮回现象,即微管的总长度不变,但结合上的二聚体从(+)端不断向(-)端推移,最后到达负端。造成这一现象的原因除了GTP水解之外,另一个原因是反应系统中游离蛋白的浓度。当(+)端的游离微管蛋白二聚体的浓度高于临界浓度,而(-)端游离微管蛋白二聚体的浓度低于临界浓度就会发生踏车现象。踏车现象实际上是一种动态稳定现象。

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