名词解析

leading peptide (导肽)

正确答案

又称转运肽(transit peptide)或导向序列(targeting sequence),它是游离核糖体上合成的蛋白质的N-端信号。导肽是新生蛋白N-端一段大约20~80个氨基酸的肽链,通常带正电荷的碱性氨基酸(特别是精氨酸和赖氨酸)含量较为丰富,如果它们被不带电荷的氨基酸取代就不起引导作用,说明这些氨基酸对于蛋白质的定位具有重要作用。这些氨基酸分散于不带电荷的氨基酸序列之间。转运肽序列中不含有或基本不含有带负电荷的酸性氨基酸,并且有形成两性α螺旋的倾向。转运肽的这种特征性的结构有利于穿过线粒体的双层膜。不同的转运肽之间没有同源性,说明导肽的序列与识别的特异性有关,而与二级或高级结构无太大关系。
导肽运送蛋白质时具有以下特点:
①需要受体;
②消耗ATP;
③需要分子伴侣;
④要电化学梯度驱动;
⑤要信号肽酶切除信号肽;
⑥通过接触点进入;
⑦非折叠形式运输。

答案解析

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